Action performed during the manufacturing process, such as mixing or heating.
Activity Factor
The number of times an activity is performed. For example, a quality test must be performed at the beginning, middle, and end of a mixing time period. Rather than defining the activity and associated resources three times, use a factor or multiplier to indicate several iterations of the same activity. In example of performing a test at the beginning, middle, and end of a mixing time period, you would define a factor of 3. Factors are applied to resource usage when planning and calculating resource costs. Factors can be set to zero to exclude a particular activity. This is also a means to select the equipment (resources) that are used for this production run within this specific plant.
Boolean
A logical combinatorial system that represents the symbolic relationships between entities. Typical logical operators are: AND, OR, and NOT. In Boolean searching, the AND operator between two words indicates a search for both words. For example "pear AND apple" searches for information containing both words.
Byproduct
An item produced by a formula in addition to the product. Byproducts differ from products in that you do not plan your production to make byproducts. Byproducts can have monetary value, but generally have less monetary value than products. In some instances there can be a cost associated with disposing of a byproduct.
Category
Code used to group items with similar characteristics, such as plastics, paints, inks, or foods.
Category Set
Grouping scheme consisting of categories. Typical category sets include purchasing, materials, costing, and planning.
Charges
Often in a process manufacturing plant the capacity of a step is determined by the equipment used. For example, a mixing tank that has a maximum capacity of 1000 gallons overflows if more is added. A charge is defined as one full load that can be accommodated in a single pass through equipment. The maximum capacity determines the total number of charges that are required to process the ingredients required for a batch. In the previous example, a batch size of 5000 gallons requires five charges at 1000 gallons each.
Component Class
A way of classifying item costs. Examples of component classes are labor or overhead.
Coproduct
One of several products produced by a formula. The term coproduct is sometimes used when a formula produces more than one product. OPM does not distinguish between products and coproducts. Compare with byproduct.
Cost Analysis Code
A code that generally specifies whether an activity is value-added.
Density
The quantity of a material per unit volume. In general, density is mass divided by volume.
Electronic Record
Also e-record. Any combination of text, graphics, data, audio, pictorial, or other information representation in digital form that is created, modified, maintained, archived, retrieved, or distributed by a computer system.
Electronic Signature
Also e-signature. A computer data compilation of any symbol or series of symbols executed, adopted, or authorized by an individual to be the legally binding equivalent of the individual's handwritten signature.
Event
An occurrence in an Internet or intranet application or program that is significant to other objects in a system or to external agents.
Exponentiation
The act or process of raising a quantity to a power.
Formula
A statement of ingredient requirements. A formula can also include processing instructions and ingredient sequencing directions. The formula can also specify the quantities of each item.
Gravimetric
Of or relating to measurement by weight.
Ingredient
An item that is used in a formula to produce a product.
Operation
A combination of one or more activities and the resources used to perform those activities. For example, the combination of mixing (activity) and the mixer (resource) defines the mixing operation.
Process Parameter
A processing instruction. Processing parameters are used to provide operators with information needed for managing equipment that is used during the preparation of a product or to drive a production decision, such as the type of filter to use, or the quantity of product required to fill a container. There is no direct linkage between a process parameter and the equipment it describes.
Product
An item that is produced by a formula. See also coproduct.
Project
In the context of product development, this represents an endeavor undertaken to develop a new product or to perform changes to an existing product. A project gathers information about the project manager, participants and objectives to be met such as start dates, end dates, unit cost, and quality specifications.
Recipe
An entity that contains the minimum set of information that uniquely defines the manufacturing requirements for a specific product. Recipes provide a way to describe products and how those products are produced.
Resource
Any noninventory item used in production, like a mixer or oven.
Routing
A sequenced set of operations that need to be performed in order to complete a production batch.
Routing Process Loss
The capability to account for material lost during the production process at the routing level. This loss can vary depending on the routing and quantity being processed by the routing. A loss factor is defined at the routing level based on a range of quantities.
Scaling
The proportional increase or decrease of product, byproduct, and ingredient quantities in a formula or batch.
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some other substance, usually pure water, taken as a standard when both densities are obtained by weighing in air at standard temperature and pressure.
Specification
Identify the target or ideal result of a quality control assay test performed on an item or lot. Assay codes and item attributes are combined to devise test specifications for specific items and lots.
Technical Class
An item category that is used to identify and group ingredients. It is used to analyze ingredients within a formula by contribution of the class. This can assist in both development and maintenance of a formula, wherein the overall contribution of specific technical characteristics of ingredients is significant.
Technical Subclass
An item category that is used to identify and group ingredients within a technical class. The technical subclass refines the analysis of ingredients within a formula a level beyond the technical class. For example, if a technical class is RESIN, a technical subclass could be EPOXY.
Theoretical Process Loss
The capability to account for the material lost during the production process at the routing level. This loss can vary depending on the routing or the individual quantity being processed by the routing. This loss is defined at the routing level and is based on a minimum and maximum range of quantities.
Theoretical Yield Calculation
A calculation that calculates product quantities yielded by a formula given a specified yield percentage.
Validity Rule
Formerly effectivity. The combination of a quantity of material and an effective date that is used by production, planning, costing, or MSDS in one or more specified organizations.
Version
A number identifying a variant of a formula, operation, routing, or recipe.
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